Ukusikwa kwe-5G kunye neNethiwekhi
Xa i-5G ikhankanywa kakhulu, i-Network Slicing yeyona teknoloji ithethwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Abaqhubi benethiwekhi abafana ne-KT, i-SK Telecom, i-China Mobile, i-DT, i-KDDI, i-NTT, kunye nabathengisi bezixhobo ezifana ne-Ericsson, i-Nokia, kunye ne-Huawei bonke bakholelwa ukuba i-Network Slicing yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokwakha inethiwekhi kwixesha le-5G.
Le teknoloji intsha ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bahlule iinethiwekhi ezininzi ezibonakalayo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kwisiseko sehardware, kwaye iNetwork Slice nganye yahlulwe ngokwengqiqo kwisixhobo, inethiwekhi yokufikelela, inethiwekhi yezothutho kunye nenethiwekhi ephambili ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neempawu ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo.
Kwi-Network Slice nganye, izixhobo ezizinikeleyo ezifana neeseva ezibonakalayo, i-bandwidth yenethiwekhi, kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo ziqinisekisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Ekubeni izilayi zahlulwe, iimpazamo okanye ukusilela kwisilayi esinye aziyi kuchaphazela unxibelelwano lwezinye izilayi.
Kutheni i-5G ifuna ukunqunyulwa kwenethiwekhi?
Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuya kwinethiwekhi ye-4G yangoku, iinethiwekhi zeselula zisebenzela ikakhulu iifowuni eziphathwayo, kwaye ngokubanzi zenza kuphela ukulungiswa kweefowuni eziphathwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha le-5G, iinethiwekhi zeselula kufuneka zikhonze izixhobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno. Uninzi lweemeko zesicelo ezikhankanyiweyo ziquka i-broadband yeselula, i-iot enkulu, kunye ne-iot ebalulekileyo. Zonke zifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi kwaye zinemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, ukubala, ukhuseleko, ulawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukubambezeleka, ukuthembeka njalo njalo.
Umzekelo, inkonzo enkulu ye-iot iqhagamshela izinzwa ezizinzileyo ukulinganisa ubushushu, ukufuma, imvula, njl. Akukho mfuneko yokudluliselwa, uhlaziyo lwendawo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zeefowuni eziphambili ezikhonzayo kwinethiwekhi yeselula. Ukongeza, iinkonzo ze-iot ezibalulekileyo njengokuqhuba ngokuzimela kunye nolawulo olukude lweerobhothi zifuna ukubambezeleka ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kwee-milliseconds ezininzi, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kakhulu kwiinkonzo ze-broadband zeselula.
Iimeko eziphambili zesicelo se-5G
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba sidinga inethiwekhi ezinikeleyo kwinkonzo nganye? Umzekelo, enye ikhonza iifowuni ze-5G, enye ikhonza i-5G enkulu ye-iot, kwaye enye ikhonza i-5G mission critical iot. Asinyanzelekanga, kuba singasebenzisa i-network slicing ukwahlula iinethiwekhi ezininzi ezinengqondo kwinethiwekhi eyahlukileyo ebonakalayo, eyindlela engabizi kakhulu!
Iimfuno zesicelo sokusika inethiwekhi
Isiqwenga senethiwekhi ye-5G esichazwe kwiphepha elimhlophe le-5G elikhutshwe yi-NGMN siboniswe ngezantsi:
Siyisebenzisa njani i-Network Slicing ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni?
(1) Inethiwekhi yokufikelela engenazingcingo ye-5G kunye nenethiwekhi ephambili: NFV
Kwinethiwekhi yeselula yanamhlanje, isixhobo esiphambili yifowuni ephathwayo. I-RAN(DU kunye ne-RU) kunye nemisebenzi ephambili yakhiwe ngezixhobo zenethiwekhi ezinikezelwe ngabathengisi be-RAN. Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukunqunyulwa kwenethiwekhi, i-Network Function Virtualization (NFV) iyimfuneko. Ngokusisiseko, ingcamango ephambili ye-NFV kukusebenzisa isoftware yomsebenzi wenethiwekhi (oko kukuthi i-MME, i-S/P-GW kunye ne-PCRF kwisiseko sepakethi kunye ne-DU kwi-RAN) zonke kwiimashini ezibonakalayo kwiiseva zorhwebo endaweni yokwahlulwa kwizixhobo zazo zenethiwekhi ezinikezelweyo. Ngale ndlela, i-RAN iphathwa njengelifu lomphetho, ngelixa umsebenzi oyintloko uphathwa njengelifu elingundoqo. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-VMS olukwimphetho nakwilifu elingundoqo lucwangciswa kusetyenziswa i-SDN. Emva koko, kwenziwa isilayi kwinkonzo nganye (oko kukuthi isilayi sefowuni, isilayi esikhulu se-iot, isilayi se-mission critical iot, njl.njl.).
Ungayiphumeza njani enye yeNetwork Slicing(I)?
Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa indlela usetyenziso ngalunye olukhethekileyo lwenkonzo olunokwenziwa lube yi-virtual kwaye lufakwe ngayo kwisilayi ngasinye. Umzekelo, ukunqunyulwa kungacwangciswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Ukusika i-UHD: ukwenza i-DU ibe yi-virtualization, i-5G core (UP) kunye neeseva ze-cache zibe yi-virtualization kwi-edge cloud, kunye nokwenza i-5G core (CP) kunye neeseva ze-MVO zibe yi-virtualization kwi-core cloud.
(2) Ukusikwa kwefowuni: ukwenza ii-cores ze-5G (UP kunye ne-CP) kunye neeseva ze-IMS zibe zezona zibalaseleyo kwilifu elingundoqo.
(3) Ukusikwa kwe-iot enkulu (umz., iinethiwekhi zesensor): Ukwenza i-5G core ibe yi-virtual elula nekhaphukhaphu kwilifu elingundoqo akunazo iindlela zokulawula ukuhambahamba.
(4) Ukusikwa kwe-iot ebalulekileyo: Ukujonga ii-cores ze-5G (UP) kunye neeseva ezinxulumene nazo (umz., iiseva ze-V2X) kwilifu lomda ukuze kuncitshiswe ukubambezeleka kokudluliselwa
Okwangoku, bekufuneka senze izilayi ezizinikeleyo kwiinkonzo ezineemfuno ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwisilayi ngasinye (oko kukuthi, ilifu elisecaleni okanye ilifu elingundoqo) ngokweempawu zenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, eminye imisebenzi yenethiwekhi, efana nokuhlawulisa, ulawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo, njl.njl., inokufuneka kwezinye izilayi, kodwa hayi kwezinye. Abaqhubi banokwenza ngokwezifiso ukunqumla kwenethiwekhi ngendlela abayifunayo, kwaye mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu.
Ungayiphumeza njani enye yeNetwork Slicing(I)?
(2) Ukusikwa kwenethiwekhi phakathi komda kunye nelifu elingundoqo: IP/MPLS-SDN
Uthungelwano oluchazwe kwisoftware, nangona lwaluyinto elula xa lwaqaliswa okokuqala, luya lusiba nzima ngakumbi. Ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Overlay njengomzekelo, itekhnoloji ye-SDN inokubonelela ngonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi phakathi kweemachine ezibonakalayo kwisiseko senethiwekhi esikhoyo.
Ukusikwa kweNethiwekhi ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni
Okokuqala, sijonga indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi phakathi kwelifu elisecaleni kunye noomatshini ababonakalayo belifu eliphambili lukhuselekile. Inethiwekhi phakathi koomatshini ababonakalayo kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokusekelwe kwi-IP/MPLS-SDN kunye ne-Transport SDN. Kweli phepha, sigxila kwi-IP/MPLS-SDN enikezelwa ngabathengisi bee-router. I-Ericsson kunye neJuniper zombini zibonelela ngeemveliso zoyilo lwenethiwekhi ye-IP/MPLS SDN. Imisebenzi yahlukile kancinci, kodwa unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-VMS esekwe kwi-SDN lufana kakhulu.
Kwilifu elingundoqo kukho iiseva ezikwi-virtualized. Kwi-hypervisor yeseva, sebenzisa i-vRouter/vSwitch eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Umlawuli we-SDN ubonelela ngoqwalaselo lwe-tunnel phakathi kweseva ekwi-virtualized kunye ne-DC G/W router (i-PE router edala i-MPLS L3 VPN kwiziko ledatha yelifu). Yenza ii-SDN tunnels (umz. i-MPLS GRE okanye i-VXLAN) phakathi komatshini ngamnye okwi-virtual (umz. i-5G IoT core) kunye nee-DC G/W routers kwilifu elingundoqo.
Emva koko isilawuli se-SDN silawula ukumaphu phakathi kwezi tunnels kunye ne-MPLS L3 VPN, njenge-IoT VPN. Inkqubo iyafana kwilifu elikumphetho, idala i-iot slice eqhagamshelwe kwilifu elikumphetho ukuya kwi-IP/MPLS backbone ukuya kwilifu elingundoqo. Le nkqubo inokusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe kunye nemigangatho esele ivuthiwe kwaye ifumaneka okwangoku.
(3) Ukusikwa kwenethiwekhi phakathi komda kunye nelifu elingundoqo: IP/MPLS-SDN
Okuseleyo ngoku yinethiwekhi ye-mobile fronthawall. Singayinqumla njani le nethiwekhi ye-mobile fronthold phakathi kwelifu lomphetho kunye ne-5G RU? Okokuqala, inethiwekhi ye-5G front-haul kufuneka ichazwe kuqala. Kukho ezinye iindlela ezixoxwa ngazo (umz., ukwazisa inethiwekhi entsha esekwe kwipakethi ngokuchaza ngokutsha ukusebenza kwe-DU kunye ne-RU), kodwa akukho nkcazo isemgangathweni yenziweyo okwangoku. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ngumzobo oboniswe kwiqela elisebenzayo le-ITU IMT 2020 kwaye unika umzekelo wenethiwekhi ye-virtualized fronhaul.
Umzekelo we-5G C-RAN Network Slicing yi-ITU Organization
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-02-2024
