Wonke umntu ebomini unxibelelana ngakumbi ne-IT kunye ne-OT pronoun, kufuneka siqhelene ngakumbi ne-IT, kodwa i-OT isenokuba ayiqhelekanga, ngoko ke namhlanje siza kwabelana nawe ngezinye zeengcamango ezisisiseko ze-IT kunye ne-OT.
Yintoni iTekhnoloji yokuSebenza (i-OT)?
Iteknoloji yokusebenza (OT) kukusetyenziswa kwehardware kunye nesoftware ukujonga nokulawula iinkqubo ezibonakalayo, izixhobo, kunye neziseko zophuhliso. Iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe zokusebenza zifumaneka kuluhlu olukhulu lwamacandelo asebenzisa izinto ezininzi. Benza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ukusuka ekujongeni iziseko zophuhliso ezibalulekileyo (CI) ukuya ekulawuleni iirobhothi kumgangatho wokuvelisa.
I-OT isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kuquka ukuvelisa, ioyile negesi, ukuvelisa nokusasaza umbane, ukuhamba ngeenqwelo moya, ezolwandle, oololiwe, kunye neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke.
I-IT (Information Technology) kunye ne-OT (Operational Technology) ngamagama amabini asetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lezemizi-mveliso, amele iteknoloji yolwazi kunye neteknoloji yokusebenza ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye kukho umahluko othile kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwawo.
I-IT (Information Technology) ibhekisa kubuchwepheshe obubandakanya izixhobo zekhompyutha, isoftware, inethiwekhi kunye nolawulo lwedatha, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni nasekulawuleni ulwazi olukwinqanaba leshishini kunye neenkqubo zoshishino. I-IT igxile kakhulu ekucubungulweni kwedatha, unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, uphuhliso lwesoftware kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwamashishini, njengeenkqubo zangaphakathi ze-ofisi zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo, iinkqubo zolawulo lwedathabheyisi, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, njl.
ITekhnoloji yokuSebenza (i-OT) ibhekisa kwitekhnoloji enxulumene nemisebenzi yokwenyani, esetyenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha nokulawula izixhobo zasentsimini, iinkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko. I-OT igxile kwiinkalo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo, ukujonga ukujonga, ukufunyanwa kwedatha kunye nokucutshungulwa ngexesha langempela kwimigca yemveliso yefektri, njengeenkqubo zolawulo lwemveliso (i-SCADA), izinzwa kunye nee-actuator, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-IT kunye ne-OT kukuba itekhnoloji kunye neenkonzo ze-IT zinokubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nokwenza ngcono i-OT, njengokusetyenziswa kweenethiwekhi zekhompyutha kunye neenkqubo zesoftware ukufezekisa ukujonga nokulawula izixhobo zoshishino kude; Kwangaxeshanye, idatha yexesha langempela kunye nemeko yemveliso ye-OT inokubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo kwizigqibo zoshishino ze-IT kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IT kunye ne-OT kukwayindlela ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lezemizi-mveliso langoku. Ngokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe kunye nedatha ye-IT kunye ne-OT, imveliso yemizi-mveliso esebenzayo nekrelekrele ngakumbi kunye nolawulo lokusebenza kunokufezekiswa. Oku kwenza iifektri kunye namashishini akwazi ukuphendula ngcono kutshintsho lweemfuno zemarike, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko kunye nemingcipheko.
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Yintoni uKhuseleko lwe-OT?
Ukhuseleko lwe-OT luchazwa njengeendlela kunye netekhnoloji ezisetyenziselwa:
(a) Khusela abantu, izinto zabo, nolwazi,
(b) Ukubeka esweni kunye/okanye ukulawula izixhobo ezibonakalayo, iinkqubo kunye neziganeko, kunye
(c) Ukuqalisa utshintsho lwelizwe kwiinkqubo ze-OT zeshishini.
Izisombululo zokhuseleko ze-OT ziquka uluhlu olubanzi lwetekhnoloji zokhuseleko ukusuka kwi-firewalls zesizukulwana esilandelayo (ii-NGFW) ukuya kwiinkqubo zolwazi lokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lweziganeko (ii-SIEM) ukuya ekufikeleleni nasekulawuleni isazisi, nokunye okuninzi.
Ngokwesiko, ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi lwe-OT belunganyanzelekanga kuba iinkqubo ze-OT bezingenanxibelelwano kwi-intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, bezingenazo izisongelo zangaphandle. Njengoko amanyathelo okuvelisa izinto ezintsha zedijithali (DI) esanda kwaye neenethiwekhi ze-IT OT zidibana, imibutho yayisoloko ithatha izisombululo ezithile ukuze ijongane nemiba ethile.
Ezi ndlela zokhuseleko lwe-OT zibangele uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo apho izisombululo zingenakwabelana ngolwazi kwaye zibonelele ngokubonakalayo ngokupheleleyo.
Rhoqo, iinethiwekhi ze-IT kunye ne-OT zigcinwa zahlukile nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphindaphindeni imizamo yokhuseleko kunye nokuphepha ukuba sobala. Ezi nethiwekhi ze-IT OT azikwazi ukulandelela okwenzekayo kulo lonke uhlaselo.
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Ngokwesiqhelo, iinethiwekhi ze-OT zibika kwi-COO kwaye iinethiwekhi ze-IT zibika kwi-CIO, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amaqela amabini okhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ngalinye likhusele isiqingatha senethiwekhi iyonke. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuchonga imida yomphezulu wohlaselo kuba la maqela ahlukeneyo awazi ukuba yintoni enamathele kwinethiwekhi yawo. Ukongeza ekubeni kunzima ukuyilawula ngokufanelekileyo, iinethiwekhi ze-OT IT zishiya izikhewu ezinkulu kukhuseleko.
Njengoko kucaciswa indlela yayo yokhuseleko lwe-OT, kukubona izisongelo kwangethuba kusetyenziswa ulwazi olupheleleyo lweemeko malunga neenethiwekhi ze-IT kunye ne-OT.
I-IT (iTekhnoloji yoLwazi) vs. i-OT (iTekhnoloji yokuSebenza)
Inkcazo
IT (Iteknoloji yoLwazi): Ibhekisa ekusetyenzisweni kweekhompyutha, iinethiwekhi, kunye nesoftware ukulawula idatha kunye nolwazi kwiimeko zoshishino kunye nombutho. Ibandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwi-hardware (iiseva, ii-routers) ukuya kwisoftware (ii-aplikeshini, ii-database) ezixhasa imisebenzi yeshishini, unxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lwedatha.
I-OT (iTekhnoloji yokuSebenza): Ibandakanya i-hardware kunye nesoftware ebona okanye ebangela utshintsho ngokubeka esweni ngokuthe ngqo kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo ezibonakalayo, iinkqubo, kunye neziganeko kumbutho. I-OT ixhaphake kakhulu kumacandelo emizi-mveliso, afana nokuvelisa, amandla, kunye nokuthutha, kwaye ibandakanya iinkqubo ezifana ne-SCADA (Ulawulo loLawulo kunye nokuFumaneka kweDatha) kunye ne-PLCs (Abalawuli beLogic abaHleliweyo).
Umahluko oPhambili
| Umbono | IT | OT |
| Injongo | Ulawulo lwedatha kunye nokucubungula | Ulawulo lweenkqubo ezibonakalayo |
| Ingqwalasela | Iinkqubo zolwazi kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha | Ukwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokubeka esweni izixhobo |
| Okusingqongileyo | Iiofisi, amaziko edatha | Iifektri, iindawo zoshishino |
| Iintlobo zeDatha | Idatha yedijithali, amaxwebhu | Idatha yexesha langempela evela kwiisensa kunye noomatshini |
| Ukhuseleko | Ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi kunye nokukhuselwa kwedatha | Ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kweenkqubo ezibonakalayo |
| Iiprotokholi | I-HTTP, i-FTP, i-TCP/IP | I-Modbus, i-OPC, i-DNP3 |
Ukudibanisa
Ngokukhula kwe-Industry 4.0 kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT), ukudibana kwe-IT kunye ne-OT kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Olu manyano lujolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuphucula uhlalutyo lwedatha, kunye nokwenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo. Nangona kunjalo, lukwazisa imingeni enxulumene nokhuseleko lwe-cyber, njengoko iinkqubo ze-OT zaziqhele ukwahlulwa kwiinethiwekhi ze-IT.
Inqaku Elihambelanayo:I-intanethi yakho yezinto ifuna umthengisi wepakethi yenethiwekhi yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-05-2024
