Iinjineli zenethiwekhi, ngaphandle nje, "ziingcali zobugcisa" ezakha, ziphucule, kwaye zisombulula iingxaki zenethiwekhi, kodwa eneneni, "singumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela" kukhuseleko lwe-intanethi. Ingxelo yeCrowdStrike ka-2024 ibonise ukuba uhlaselo lwe-intanethi lwehlabathi lunyuke nge-30%, apho iinkampani zaseTshayina zilahlekelwa yilahleko engaphezulu kwe-50 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngenxa yeengxaki zokhuseleko lwe-intanethi. Abathengi abakhathali nokuba ungumsebenzi okanye ingcali yokhuseleko; xa kwenzeka isiganeko senethiwekhi, injineli yeyokuqala ukuthwala ityala. Ingasathethwa ke ngokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-AI, 5G, kunye neenethiwekhi zamafu, ezenze iindlela zokuhlasela zabaphangi zibe nobuchule ngakumbi. Kukho iposi edumileyo kwiZhihu eTshayina: "Iinjineli zenethiwekhi ezingafundiyo ukhuseleko zinqumla indlela yazo yokubaleka!" Le ngxelo, nangona inzima, iyinyani.
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kubonelela ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweehlaselo ezisibhozo eziqhelekileyo zenethiwekhi, ukusuka kwimigaqo yazo kunye nezifundo zamatyala ukuya kwiindlela zokuzikhusela, ndizigcina zisebenza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nokuba ungumntu omtsha okanye ungumgqala onamava ofuna ukuphucula izakhono zakho, olu lwazi luya kukunika ulawulo olungakumbi kwiiprojekthi zakho. Masiqalise!
Uhlaselo lwe-DDoS lweNombolo 1
Uhlaselo lweDistributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) lugubungela iiseva okanye iinethiwekhi ezijoliswe kuzo ngobuninzi bezithuthi ezingezizo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafikeleleki kubasebenzisi abasemthethweni. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukukhukula kwe-SYN kunye nokukhukula kwe-UDP. Ngo-2024, ingxelo yeCloudflare ibonise ukuba uhlaselo lwe-DDoS lubangele i-40% yazo zonke izihlaselo zenethiwekhi.
Ngowama-2022, iqonga le-e-commerce lahlaselwa yi-DDoS ngaphambi koSuku lwabangatshatanga, apho ithrafikhi yayifikelela kwi-1Tbps, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba iwebhusayithi iwe iiyure ezimbini kwaye kwabangela ilahleko yamashumi ezigidi zeeyuan. Umhlobo wam wayephethe uxanduva lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye waphantse waphambana ngenxa yoxinzelelo.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Ukucoca Ukuhamba Komoya:Sebenzisa iinkonzo zokukhusela i-CDN okanye i-DDoS (ungadinga i-Mylinking™ Inline Bypass Tap/Switch) ukuze uhluze ithrafikhi enobungozi.
○Ukwandiswa kweBhendiwidth:Gcina i-20%-30% ye-bandwidth ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nokunyuka kwezithuthi ngequbuliso.
○I-Alarm yokubeka iliso:Sebenzisa izixhobo (ungadinga iMylinking™ Network Packet Broker) ukuze ujonge ithrafikhi ngexesha langempela kwaye ulumkise ngazo naziphi na iingxaki.
○Isicwangciso seNgxakeko: Sebenzisana nee-ISP ukuze utshintshe imigca ngokukhawuleza okanye uvale imithombo yohlaselo.
Inombolo 2 ye-SQL Injection
Abaphangi bafaka ikhowudi ye-SQL enobungozi kwiindawo zokufaka iwebhusayithi okanye ii-URL ukuze babe ulwazi lwedathabheyisi okanye iinkqubo zokonakalisa. Ngo-2023, ingxelo ye-OWASP yathi i-SQL injection isasele iyenye yeehlaselo ezintathu eziphezulu zewebhu.
Iwebhusayithi yeshishini elincinci ukuya kweliphakathi yachaphazeleka ngumqhekezi owafaka ingxelo ethi "1=1", efumana igama eligqithisiweyo lomlawuli ngokulula, kuba iwebhusayithi ayizange ikwazi ukucoca igalelo lomsebenzisi. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba iqela lophuhliso alizange liqalise ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwayo konke konke.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Umbuzo olungiselelwe iiparameter:Abaphuhlisi be-backend kufuneka basebenzise iingxelo ezilungisiweyo ukuze baphephe ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-SQL.
○ISebe le-WAF:Iifirewall zezicelo zewebhu (ezifana neModSecurity) zinokuthintela izicelo ezinobungozi.
○Uhlolo oluQhelekileyo:Sebenzisa izixhobo (ezifana neSQLMap) ukuskena ubuthathaka kunye nokugcina ikopi yedathabheyisi ngaphambi kokuba uyilungise.
○Ulawulo lokufikelela:Abasebenzisi bedathabheyisi kufuneka banikwe amalungelo amancinci kuphela ukuthintela ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kolawulo.
Uhlaselo lwe-Cross-site Scripting (XSS) lweNombolo 3
Uhlaselo lwe-cross-site scripting (XSS) luba ii-cookies zomsebenzisi, ii-session ID, kunye nezinye izikripthi ezinobuthi ngokuzifaka kumaphepha ewebhu. Zihlulwe zibe zi-reflective, storaged, kunye ne-DOM-based attacks. Ngo-2024, i-XSS yayiba yi-25% yazo zonke ii-web attacks.
Iforam ayiphumelelanga ukucoca izimvo zabasebenzisi, nto leyo evumela abaphangi ukuba bafake ikhowudi yesikripthi baze babe ulwazi lokungena kumawaka abasebenzisi. Ndibone iimeko apho abathengi batsalwa imali ye-CNY500,000 yuan ngenxa yoku.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Ukucoca okungenayo: Baleka ukufaka umsebenzisi (njengokufaka ikhowudi kwi-HTML).
○Isicwangciso se-CSP:Nika amandla imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lomxholo ukuze uthintele imithombo yesikripthi.
○Ukhuseleko lwesiphequluli:Misela ii-headers ze-HTTP (ezifana ne-X-XSS-Protection) ukuze zithintele izikripthi ezinobungozi.
○Ukuskena Isixhobo:Sebenzisa iBurp Suite ukujonga rhoqo ubuthathaka be-XSS.
Inombolo 4 Ukuqhekeka Kwegama Eligqithisiweyo
Abaphangi bafumana amagama ayimfihlo abasebenzisi okanye abaphathi ngokusebenzisa uhlaselo lwe-brute-force, uhlaselo lwezichazi-magama, okanye ubunjineli bezentlalo. Ingxelo yeVerizon ka-2023 ibonise ukuba i-80% yokungenelela kwi-intanethi yayinxulumene namagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka.
I-router yenkampani, esebenzisa igama lokugqitha elimiselweyo elithi "admin," yangena ngokulula kwi-hacker eyafaka ucango lwangasemva. Injineli eyayibandakanyeka yagxothwa kamva, kwaye umphathi naye wabekwa ityala.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Amagama okugqithisa antsonkothileyo:Nyanzela oonobumba abali-12 nangaphezulu, ii-mixed cases, amanani, kunye neempawu.
○Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi:Vula i-MFA (njengekhowudi yokuqinisekisa i-SMS) kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo.
○Ulawulo lwegama lokugqitha:Sebenzisa izixhobo (ezifana neLastPass) ukuze uzilawule ngokuyintloko kwaye uzitshintshe rhoqo.
○Imizamo Yokukhawulela:Idilesi ye-IP itshixiwe emva kokuba kuzanywe iindlela ezintathu zokungena ezingaphumelelanga ukuthintela uhlaselo lwe-brute-force.
Inombolo yesi-5 yoHlaselo oluphakathi komntu (i-MITM)
Abaphangi bangenelela phakathi kwabasebenzisi kunye neeseva, bethintela okanye bephazamisa idatha. Oku kuqhelekile kwi-Wi-Fi kawonkewonke okanye kunxibelelwano olungabhalwanga. Ngo-2024, uhlaselo lwe-MITM lwalubangela i-20% yokufunxa inethiwekhi.
I-Wi-Fi yevenkile yekofu yachaphazeleka zii-hackers, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abasebenzisi balahlekelwe ngamashumi amawaka eedola xa idatha yabo yafunyanwa ngelixa bengena kwiwebhusayithi yebhanki. Kamva iinjineli zafumanisa ukuba i-HTTPS ayisebenzi.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Nyanzela i-HTTPS:Iwebhusayithi kunye ne-API zibethelwe nge-TLS, kwaye i-HTTP ayisebenzi.
○Ukuqinisekiswa kweSatifikethi:Sebenzisa i-HPKP okanye i-CAA ukuqinisekisa ukuba isatifikethi sithembekile.
○Ukhuseleko lweVPN:Imisebenzi ebuthathaka kufuneka isebenzise i-VPN ukubethela ithrafikhi.
○Ukhuseleko lwe-ARP:Jonga itafile ye-ARP ukuze uthintele ukuphangwa kwe-ARP.
Uhlaselo lwePhishing lweNombolo 6
Abaphangi basebenzisa ii-imeyile, iiwebhusayithi, okanye imiyalezo ebhaliweyo ukuze bakhohlise abasebenzisi ukuba batyhile ulwazi okanye bacofe kwiikhonkco ezinobungozi. Ngo-2023, uhlaselo lwe-phishing lubangele i-35% yezehlo zokhuseleko lwe-intanethi.
Umqeshwa wenkampani ethile wafumana i-imeyile evela kumntu othi ungumphathi wakhe, ecela ukudluliselwa kwemali, waza waphela elahlekelwa zizigidi. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-imeyile yayingeyonyani; umqeshwa wayengayiqinisekisanga.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi:Qho qhuba uqeqesho lolwazi ngokhuseleko lwe-cyber ukuze ufundise indlela yokuchonga ii-imeyile ze-phishing.
○Ukucoca ii-imeyile:Sebenzisa isango elichasene nobugebengu bokweba idatha (elifana neBarracuda).
○Ukuqinisekiswa kweDomain:Jonga idomeyini yomthumeli kwaye uvule umgaqo-nkqubo we-DMARC.
○Uqinisekiso oluphindwe kabini:Imisebenzi ebucayi ifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngefowuni okanye ubuso ngobuso.
I-Ransomware yeNombolo 7
I-Ransomware ifihla idatha yamaxhoba kwaye ifuna intlawulelo ukuze isuswe i-crypt. Ingxelo yeSophos ka-2024 ibonise ukuba ama-50% amashishini kwihlabathi liphela aye ahlaselwa yi-ransomware.
Inethiwekhi yesibhedlele yachaphazeleka yiLockBit ransomware, nto leyo eyabangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokumiswa kotyando. Iinjineli zichithe iveki zibuyisela idatha, zafumana ilahleko enkulu.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Ugcino oluQhelekileyo:Ukugcinwa kwedatha ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kwendawo kunye nokuvavanywa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
○Ulawulo lwePatch:Hlaziya iinkqubo kunye nesoftware ngokukhawuleza ukuze uvale ubuthathaka.
○Ukubeka iliso kwindlela yokuziphatha:Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-EDR (ezifana neCrowdStrike) ukuze ubone indlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga.
○Inethiwekhi Yokwahlukanisa:Ukwahlulahlula iinkqubo ezibuthathaka ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane.
Uhlaselo lwe-Zero-day lwenombolo 8
Uhlaselo lwe-Zero-day lusebenzisa ubuthathaka besoftware obungachazwanga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyithintela. Ngo-2023, iGoogle ibike ukufunyanwa kobuthathaka obungama-20 obunobungozi obukhulu be-zero-day, uninzi lwabo olwalusetyenziselwa uhlaselo lwe-supply chain.
Inkampani esebenzisa isoftware yeSolarWinds yonakaliswe kukungabikho kolwazi olupheleleyo, nto leyo eyachaphazela lonke uthotho lwayo lokubonelela. Iinjineli zazingenakunceda kwaye zazinokulinda kuphela ipetshi.
Ungayithintela njani?
○Ukufunyanwa kokungenelela:Sebenzisa i-IDS/IPS (efana neSnort) ukuze ujonge ithrafikhi engaqhelekanga.
○Uhlalutyo lweSandbox:Sebenzisa ibhokisi yesanti ukuze uhlukanise iifayile ezikrokrelekayo kwaye uhlalutye indlela eziziphatha ngayo.
○Ubukrelekrele beNgcali:Bhalisela iinkonzo (ezifana neFireEye) ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwamva nje malunga nokuba sesichengeni.
○Amalungelo Ancinci:Nciphisa iimvume zesoftware ukuze unciphise umphezulu wohlaselo.
Malungu enethiwekhi, zeziphi iintlobo zohlaselo enizifumeneyo? Kwaye nizisingathe njani? Masixoxe ngale nto kunye kwaye sisebenzisane ukwenza iinethiwekhi zethu zibe namandla ngakumbi!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-05-2025
