Iinjineli zenethiwekhi, kumphezulu, "ngabasebenzi bobuchwephesha" abakha, bakhulisa, kwaye bacombulula iingxaki zothungelwano, kodwa eneneni, "singawokuqala umgca wokuzikhusela" kukhuseleko lwe-cyber. Ingxelo ye-CrowdStrike ka-2024 ibonise ukuba uhlaselo lwe-cyberattacks lwehlabathi lunyuke nge-30%, kunye neenkampani zase-China zifumene ilahleko engaphezulu kwe-50 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngenxa yemibandela yokhuseleko lwe-intanethi. Abaxhamli abakhathali nokuba uyingcaphephe yemisebenzi okanye ukhuseleko; xa kusenzeka isiganeko sothungelwano, injineli iba ngowokuqala ukuthwala ityala. Singasathethi ke ngokwamkelwa okuxhaphakileyo kwe-AI, i-5G, kunye neenethiwekhi zamafu, ezenze iindlela zokuhlasela zabahlaseli ziye zaphucuka ngakumbi. Kukho isithuba esidumileyo eZhihu eTshayina: "Iinjineli zenethiwekhi ezingafundi ukhuseleko zicima eyazo indlela yokusaba!" Le ngxelo, nangona ingqongqo, iyinyaniso.
Kule nqaku, ndiza kunika uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwesibhozo sokuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi eqhelekileyo, ukusuka kwimigaqo yabo kunye nezifundo zecala ukuya kwizicwangciso zokukhusela, ukugcina njengento esebenzayo ngokusemandleni. Nokuba ungumntu omtsha okanye igqala elinamava elijonge ukuqhubela phambili izakhono zakho, olu lwazi luya kukunika ulawulo ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi zakho. Masiqalise!
No.1 DDoS Uhlaselo
Uhlaselo oluSasazo lwe-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) lugqithisa iiseva ekujoliswe kuzo okanye uthungelwano ngezixa ezikhulu zetrafikhi yomgunyathi, zibenza bangafikeleleki kubasebenzisi abasemthethweni. Ubuchule obuqhelekileyo bubandakanya ukukhukula kwe-SYN kunye nokukhukula kwe-UDP. Kwi-2024, ingxelo ye-Cloudflare ibonise ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS kubangele i-40% yazo zonke izihlaselo zenethiwekhi.
Kwi-2022, i-platform ye-e-commerce yahlaselwa yi-DDoS ngaphambi koSuku lweSingles, kunye ne-traffic traffic efikelela kwi-1Tbps, ebangela ukuba iwebhusayithi iphazamiseke iiyure ezimbini kwaye ibangele ilahleko yezigidi ze-yuan. Umhlobo wam wayephethe impendulo engxamisekileyo kwaye waphantse waphambana luxinzelelo.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Ukucoca okuHambayo:Faka iinkonzo zokhuseleko zeCDN okanye zeDDoS (ezifana ne-Alibaba Cloud Shield) ukucoca itrafikhi enobungozi.
○Ubungakanani bobungakanani bomthamo:Gcina i-20% -30% ye-bandwidth ukuze umelane nokunyuka kwezithuthi ngequbuliso.
○I-Alam yokubeka iliso:Sebenzisa izixhobo (ezifana neZabbix) ukujonga itrafikhi ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye ulumkise nakuphi na okungaqhelekanga.
○Isicwangciso esiNgxamisekileyo: Sebenzisana nee-ISPs ukukhawuleza utshintshe imigca okanye uvimbele imithombo yokuhlasela.
No.2 SQL Injection
Abaduni bafaka ikhowudi ye-SQL enobungozi kwiindawo zengeniso zewebhusayithi okanye ii-URLs ukuze babe ulwazi lwedatha okanye iinkqubo zomonakalo. Ngo-2023, ingxelo ye-OWASP yachaza ukuba inaliti ye-SQL yahlala iyenye yohlaselo lwewebhu oluphezulu.
Iwebhusayithi yeshishini elincinane ukuya kweliphakathi iye yafakwa emngciphekweni ngumqweqwedisi ofake inkcazo ethi "1=1", efumana lula igama eliyimfihlo lomlawuli, kuba iwebhusayithi ayiphumelelanga ukuhluza igalelo lomsebenzisi. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba iqela lophuhliso alizange liphumeze ukuqinisekiswa kwegalelo konke konke.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Umbuzo weParameterized:Abaphuhlisi be-backend kufuneka basebenzise iingxelo ezilungiselelwe ukuphepha ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-SQL.
○iSebe le-WAF:Iifirewall zewebhu (ezifana ne-ModSecurity) zinokuvala izicelo ezinobungozi.
○uPhicotho lwarhoqo:Sebenzisa izixhobo (ezifana ne-SQLMap) ukuskena ubuthathaka kunye nokuxhasa isiseko sedatha phambi kokupeyishwa.
○Ulawulo loFikelelo:Abasebenzisi bedatabase kufuneka banikwe kuphela amalungelo amancinci okuthintela ukulahleka okupheleleyo kolawulo.
No.3 Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack
Uhlaselo lweCross-site scripting (XSS) luba iikuki zomsebenzisi, ii-ID zeseshoni, kunye nezinye iiscripts ezinobungozi ngokuzitofa kumaphepha ewebhu. Zahlulahlulwe zaba kuhlaselo olubonakalisiweyo, olugciniweyo, kunye ne-DOM-based. Ngo-2024, i-XSS yenza i-25% yazo zonke izihlaselo zewebhu.
Iforamu ayiphumelelanga ukucoca izimvo zabasebenzisi, ivumela abahlaseli ukuba bafake ikhowudi yokubhala kwaye babe ulwazi lokungena kumawakawaka abasebenzisi. Ndikhe ndabona iimeko apho abathengi bathathwe nge-CNY500,000 yuan ngenxa yoku.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Uhluzo longeniso: Phuma igalelo lomsebenzisi (elifana ne HTML encoding).
○Ubuchule be-CSP:Vumela imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lomxholo ukunqanda imithombo yombhalo.
○Ukhuseleko lwebhrawuza:Cwangcisa iiheader zeHTTP (ezifana ne-X-XSS-Protection) ukubhloka izikripthi ezinobungozi.
○Ukuskena isixhobo:Sebenzisa iBurp Suite ukujonga rhoqo ubuthathaka be-XSS.
No.4 Password Cracking
Abaduni bafumana amagama ayimfihlo omsebenzisi okanye omlawuli ngohlaselo olukhohlakeleyo, uhlaselo lwesichazi-magama, okanye ubunjineli basekuhlaleni. Ingxelo ye-Verizon ka-2023 ibonise ukuba i-80% ye-cyber intrusions yayinxulumene neephasiwedi ezibuthathaka.
I-router yenkampani, isebenzisa igama eliyimfihlo elithi "admin," yangena lula kwi-hacker efake i-backdoor. Injineli ebandakanyekayo yagxothwa emva koko, kwaye nomphathi wabekwa ityala.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Amagama Okugqithisa Antsonkothileyo:Nyanzelisa i-12 okanye ngaphezulu oonobumba, i-mixed case, amanani, kunye neesimboli.
○Uqinisekiso lwezinto ezininzi:Yenza i-MFA isebenze (efana nekhowudi yokuqinisekisa yeSMS) kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo.
○Ulawulo Lwegama Lokugqithisa:Sebenzisa izixhobo (ezifana ne-LastPass) ukulawula phakathi kwaye uzitshintshe rhoqo.
○Iinzame zokunciphisa:Idilesi ye-IP itshixiwe emva kokuba iinzame ezintathu zokungena ezingaphumelelanga ukunqanda uhlaselo lwe-brute-force.
No.5 Uhlaselo lomntu ophakathi (MITM)
IiHackers zingenelela phakathi kwabasebenzisi kunye neeseva, ukuphazamisa okanye ukuphazamisa idatha. Oku kuxhaphakile kwiWi-Fi yoluntu okanye kunxibelelwano olungafihlwanga. Ngo-2024, uhlaselo lwe-MITM lubalelwa kwi-20% ye-network sniffing.
I-Wi-Fi yevenkile yekofu yaphazamiseka ngabaduni, okubangele ukuba abasebenzisi balahlekelwe ngamashumi amawaka eedola xa idatha yabo yabanjwa ngelixa bengena kwiwebhusayithi yebhanki. Iinjineli kamva zafumanisa ukuba i-HTTPS yayinganyanzeliswa.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Nyanzela i-HTTPS:Iwebhusayithi kunye ne-API zifihliwe nge-TLS, kwaye i-HTTP ivaliwe.
○Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesatifikethi:Sebenzisa i-HPKP okanye i-CAA ukuqinisekisa ukuba isatifikethi sithembekile.
○Ukhuseleko lweVPN:Imisebenzi ebuthathaka kufuneka isebenzise i-VPN ukufihla i-traffic.
○Ukhuseleko lwe-ARP:Beka esweni itheyibhile ye-ARP ukunqanda ukona kwe-ARP.
No.6 Phishing Attack
Abahlaseli basebenzisa ii-imeyile ezikhohlakeleyo, iiwebhusayithi, okanye imiyalezo ebhaliweyo ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba baveze ulwazi okanye ukucofa amakhonkco angalunganga. Ngo-2023, uhlaselo lwe-phishing lubalelwa kwi-35% yeziganeko ze-cybersecurity.
Umqeshwa wenkampani wafumana i-imeyile evela kumntu othi ungumphathi wabo, ecela ukutshintshelwa imali, kwaye ekugqibeleni waphulukana nezigidi. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-domain ye-imeyile yayingeyonyani; umqeshwa ebengayiqinisekisanga.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Uqeqesho lwabaSebenzi:Ukuqhuba rhoqo uqeqesho lokwazisa nge-cybersecurity ukufundisa indlela yokuchonga ii-imeyile zokukhohlisa.
○Uhluzo lwe-imeyile:Sebenzisa isango elichasayo (elifana neBarracuda).
○Uqinisekiso lweDomain:Jonga indawo yomthumeli kwaye uvule umgaqo-nkqubo we-DMARC.
○Isiqinisekiso esiphindiweyo:Imisebenzi ebuthathaka ifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngefowuni okanye ngokobuqu.
No.7 Ransomware
I-Ransomware ifihla idatha yamaxhoba kwaye ifuna intlawulelo yokukhutshwa. Ingxelo ye-Sophos ka-2024 ibonise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-50 zamashishini kwihlabathi liphela afumene uhlaselo lwe-ransomware.
Uthungelwano lwesibhedlele luye lwafakwa emngciphekweni yi-LockBit ransomware, ibangela ukukhubazeka kwenkqubo kunye nokunqunyanyiswa kotyando. Iinjineli zichithe iveki zibuyisela idatha, zenza ilahleko enkulu.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Ugcino lwarhoqo:I-backup ye-off-site yedatha ebalulekileyo kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo yokubuyisela.
○Ulawulo lwePatch:Hlaziya iisistim kunye nesoftware ngokukhawuleza ukuvala ubuthathaka.
○Ukubeka iliso kwindlela yokuziphatha:Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-EDR (ezifana ne-CrowdStrike) ukubona ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga.
○Inethiwekhi yokuzahlula:Ukwahlulahlula iinkqubo ezibuthathaka ukuthintela ukwanda kweentsholongwane.
No.8 Zero-day Attack
Uhlaselo lweentsuku zero lusebenzisa ubuthathaka besoftware obungachazwanga, nto leyo ebenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunqanda. Ngo-2023, uGoogle waxela ukufunyanwa kwe-20 ephezulu yomngcipheko we-zero-day semngciphekweni, uninzi lwazo lwalusetyenziselwa uhlaselo lokubonelela.
Inkampani esebenzisa isoftware yeSolarWinds iye yafakwa emngciphekweni ngenxa yokuba semngciphekweni kosuku lweqanda, okuchaphazela lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela. Iinjineli zazingenakwenza nto yaye zazilindele isiziba nje.
Indlela yokuthintela?
○Ukufunyanwa kokuNgena:Sebenzisa i-IDS/IPS (efana ne-Snort) ukujonga itrafikhi engaqhelekanga.
○Uhlalutyo lwebhokisi yesanti:Sebenzisa ibhokisi yesanti ukwahlula iifayile ezirhanelwayo kwaye uhlalutye indlela abaziphatha ngayo.
○Ubukrelekrele besoyikiso:Bhalisela kwiinkonzo (ezifana ne-FireEye) ukufumana ulwazi lwamva nje lokuba sesichengeni.
○Amalungelo amancinane:Nciphisa iimvume zesoftware ukunciphisa umphezulu wohlaselo.
Malungu enethiwekhi, zeziphi iintlobo zohlaselo okhe wadibana nazo? Yaye ubuzisingatha njani? Masixoxe ngoku kunye kwaye sisebenze kunye ukwenza uthungelwano lwethu lomelele ngakumbi!
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-05-2025
